Ubuntu基础命令使用

Ubuntu基础命令使用

Ubuntu更换软件源

1、先将原有的文件备份,

root@docker:/etc/apt# cp sources.list sources.list.bak

2、把sources.list文件里的地址内容全替换成阿里云的地址

root@docker:/etc/apt# vim sources.list
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty-backports main restricted universe multiverse

3、配置完之后更新

root@docker:/etc/apt# apt-get update
Ign:1 http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu trusty InRelease
Get:2 http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu trusty-security InRelease [65.9 kB]
Get:3 http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu trusty-updates InRelease [65.9 kB]
Get:4 http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu trusty-proposed InRelease [65.9 kB]
Get:5 http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu trusty-backports InRelease [65.9 kB]
Get:6 http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu trusty Release [58.5 kB]
Get:7 http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu trusty-security/universe Sources [102 kB]
....

Ubuntu设置root密码

# 刚装好系统，默认root是被禁止登陆的，如果要用root登陆需要设置密码
dklwj@docker:~$ sudo passwd root
[sudo] password for dklwj:  # 输入当前用户密码
Enter new UNIX password: 	# 输入你要设置root的密码
Retype new UNIX password: 	# 输入你要设置root的密码
passwd: password updated successfully
dklwj@docker:~$ su - root
Password: 
root@docker:~# 

Ubuntu修改时区

root@docker:/etc/docker# date
Wed Apr 22 07:45:41 UTC 2020
# 4) Asia-- 9) China --1) Beijing Time --1) Yes
root@docker:/etc/docker# tzselect
# 复制亚洲上海到/etc/localtime
root@docker:/etc/docker# cp /usr/share/zoneinfo/Asia/Shanghai /etc/localtime 
root@docker:/etc/docker# date 
Wed Apr 22 15:46:56 CST 2020

Ubuntu修改dns

# 修改/etc/systemd/resolved.conf配置文件，默认DNS是注释掉的需要去掉注释后添加所在运营商提供的dns
dklwj@docker:/data$ sudo vim /etc/systemd/resolved.conf
[Resolve]
DNS=202.106.0.20 114.114.114.114
# 重启服务
dklwj@docker:/data$ sudo systemctl restart systemd-resolved

Ubuntu 新增硬盘

root@elk-01:/opt# for i in `ls /sys/class/scsi_host/*/scan`;do echo "- - -" > $i;done
root@elk-01:/opt# lsblk
NAME   MAJ:MIN RM  SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
loop0    7:0    0 69.9M  1 loop /snap/lxd/19188
loop1    7:1    0 55.4M  1 loop /snap/core18/1944
loop2    7:2    0 31.1M  1 loop /snap/snapd/10707
sda      8:0    0   40G  0 disk
├─sda1   8:1    0    1M  0 part
├─sda2   8:2    0  512M  0 part /boot
├─sda3   8:3    0    2G  0 part [SWAP]
└─sda4   8:4    0 37.5G  0 part /
sdb      8:16   0   20G  0 disk
sr0     11:0    1  1.1G  0 rom

Ubuntu 添加用户

root@web-nginx-01:/app/soft# adduser laipay
Adding user `laipay' ...
Adding new group `laipay' (1000) ...
Adding new user `laipay' (1000) with group `laipay' ...
Creating home directory `/home/laipay' ...
Copying files from `/etc/skel' ...
New password: 
Retype new password: 
passwd: password updated successfully
Changing the user information for laipay
Enter the new value, or press ENTER for the default
	Full Name []: 
	Room Number []: 
	Work Phone []: 
	Home Phone []: 
	Other []: 
Is the information correct? [Y/n] y
root@web-nginx-01:/app/soft# ll /home/
total 12
drwxr-xr-x  3 root   root   4096 Jul 20 16:16 ./
drwxr-xr-x 22 root   root   4096 Jul 20 15:31 ../
drwxr-xr-x  2 laipay laipay 4096 Jul 20 16:16 laipay/